634 lines
22 KiB
Python
634 lines
22 KiB
Python
"""
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A Cairo backend for matplotlib
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==============================
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:Author: Steve Chaplin and others
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This backend depends on cairocffi or pycairo.
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"""
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import copy
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import gzip
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import sys
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import warnings
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import numpy as np
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# cairocffi is more widely compatible than pycairo (in particular pgi only
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# works with cairocffi) so try it first.
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try:
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import cairocffi as cairo
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except ImportError:
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try:
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import cairo
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except ImportError:
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raise ImportError("cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo "
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"is installed")
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else:
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if cairo.version_info < (1, 11, 0):
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# Introduced create_for_data for Py3.
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raise ImportError(
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"cairo {} is installed; cairo>=1.11.0 is required"
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.format(cairo.version))
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backend_version = cairo.version
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from .. import cbook
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from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
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_Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
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RendererBase)
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from matplotlib.font_manager import ttfFontProperty
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from matplotlib.mathtext import MathTextParser
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from matplotlib.path import Path
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from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
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if cairo.__name__ == "cairocffi":
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# Convert a pycairo context to a cairocffi one.
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def _to_context(ctx):
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if not isinstance(ctx, cairo.Context):
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ctx = cairo.Context._from_pointer(
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cairo.ffi.cast(
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'cairo_t **',
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id(ctx) + object.__basicsize__)[0],
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incref=True)
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return ctx
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else:
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# Pass-through a pycairo context.
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def _to_context(ctx):
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return ctx
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@cbook.deprecated("3.0")
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class ArrayWrapper:
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"""Thin wrapper around numpy ndarray to expose the interface
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expected by cairocffi. Basically replicates the
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array.array interface.
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"""
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def __init__(self, myarray):
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self.__array = myarray
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self.__data = myarray.ctypes.data
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self.__size = len(myarray.flatten())
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self.itemsize = myarray.itemsize
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def buffer_info(self):
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return (self.__data, self.__size)
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# Mapping from Matplotlib Path codes to cairo path codes.
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_MPL_TO_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE = np.zeros(80, dtype=int) # CLOSEPOLY = 79.
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_MPL_TO_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE[Path.MOVETO] = cairo.PATH_MOVE_TO
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_MPL_TO_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE[Path.LINETO] = cairo.PATH_LINE_TO
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_MPL_TO_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE[Path.CURVE4] = cairo.PATH_CURVE_TO
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_MPL_TO_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE[Path.CLOSEPOLY] = cairo.PATH_CLOSE_PATH
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# Sizes in cairo_path_data_t of each cairo path element.
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_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE_SIZES = np.zeros(4, dtype=int)
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_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE_SIZES[cairo.PATH_MOVE_TO] = 2
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_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE_SIZES[cairo.PATH_LINE_TO] = 2
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_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE_SIZES[cairo.PATH_CURVE_TO] = 4
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_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE_SIZES[cairo.PATH_CLOSE_PATH] = 1
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def _append_paths_slow(ctx, paths, transforms, clip=None):
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for path, transform in zip(paths, transforms):
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for points, code in path.iter_segments(
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transform, remove_nans=True, clip=clip):
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if code == Path.MOVETO:
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ctx.move_to(*points)
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elif code == Path.CLOSEPOLY:
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ctx.close_path()
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elif code == Path.LINETO:
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ctx.line_to(*points)
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elif code == Path.CURVE3:
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cur = ctx.get_current_point()
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ctx.curve_to(
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*np.concatenate([cur / 3 + points[:2] * 2 / 3,
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points[:2] * 2 / 3 + points[-2:] / 3]))
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elif code == Path.CURVE4:
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ctx.curve_to(*points)
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def _append_paths_fast(ctx, paths, transforms, clip=None):
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# We directly convert to the internal representation used by cairo, for
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# which ABI compatibility is guaranteed. The layout for each item is
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# --CODE(4)-- -LENGTH(4)- ---------PAD(8)---------
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# ----------X(8)---------- ----------Y(8)----------
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# with the size in bytes in parentheses, and (X, Y) repeated as many times
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# as there are points for the current code.
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ffi = cairo.ffi
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# Convert curves to segment, so that 1. we don't have to handle
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# variable-sized CURVE-n codes, and 2. we don't have to implement degree
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# elevation for quadratic Beziers.
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cleaneds = [path.cleaned(transform, remove_nans=True, clip=clip)
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for path, transform in zip(paths, transforms)]
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vertices = np.concatenate([cleaned.vertices for cleaned in cleaneds])
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codes = np.concatenate([cleaned.codes for cleaned in cleaneds])
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# Remove unused vertices and convert to cairo codes. Note that unlike
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# cairo_close_path, we do not explicitly insert an extraneous MOVE_TO after
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# CLOSE_PATH, so our resulting buffer may be smaller.
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vertices = vertices[(codes != Path.STOP) & (codes != Path.CLOSEPOLY)]
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codes = codes[codes != Path.STOP]
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codes = _MPL_TO_CAIRO_PATH_TYPE[codes]
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# Where are the headers of each cairo portions?
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cairo_type_sizes = _CAIRO_PATH_TYPE_SIZES[codes]
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cairo_type_positions = np.insert(np.cumsum(cairo_type_sizes), 0, 0)
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cairo_num_data = cairo_type_positions[-1]
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cairo_type_positions = cairo_type_positions[:-1]
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# Fill the buffer.
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buf = np.empty(cairo_num_data * 16, np.uint8)
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as_int = np.frombuffer(buf.data, np.int32)
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as_int[::4][cairo_type_positions] = codes
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as_int[1::4][cairo_type_positions] = cairo_type_sizes
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as_float = np.frombuffer(buf.data, np.float64)
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mask = np.ones_like(as_float, bool)
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mask[::2][cairo_type_positions] = mask[1::2][cairo_type_positions] = False
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as_float[mask] = vertices.ravel()
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# Construct the cairo_path_t, and pass it to the context.
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ptr = ffi.new("cairo_path_t *")
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ptr.status = cairo.STATUS_SUCCESS
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ptr.data = ffi.cast("cairo_path_data_t *", ffi.from_buffer(buf))
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ptr.num_data = cairo_num_data
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cairo.cairo.cairo_append_path(ctx._pointer, ptr)
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_append_paths = (_append_paths_fast if cairo.__name__ == "cairocffi"
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else _append_paths_slow)
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def _append_path(ctx, path, transform, clip=None):
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return _append_paths(ctx, [path], [transform], clip)
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class RendererCairo(RendererBase):
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fontweights = {
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100 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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200 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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300 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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400 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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500 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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600 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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700 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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800 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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900 : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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'ultralight' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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'light' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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'normal' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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'medium' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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'regular' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
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'semibold' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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'bold' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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'heavy' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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'ultrabold' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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'black' : cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD,
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}
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fontangles = {
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'italic' : cairo.FONT_SLANT_ITALIC,
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'normal' : cairo.FONT_SLANT_NORMAL,
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'oblique' : cairo.FONT_SLANT_OBLIQUE,
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}
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def __init__(self, dpi):
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self.dpi = dpi
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self.gc = GraphicsContextCairo(renderer=self)
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self.text_ctx = cairo.Context(
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cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, 1, 1))
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self.mathtext_parser = MathTextParser('Cairo')
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RendererBase.__init__(self)
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def set_ctx_from_surface(self, surface):
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self.gc.ctx = cairo.Context(surface)
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# Although it may appear natural to automatically call
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# `self.set_width_height(surface.get_width(), surface.get_height())`
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# here (instead of having the caller do so separately), this would fail
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# for PDF/PS/SVG surfaces, which have no way to report their extents.
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def set_width_height(self, width, height):
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self.width = width
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self.height = height
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def _fill_and_stroke(self, ctx, fill_c, alpha, alpha_overrides):
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if fill_c is not None:
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ctx.save()
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if len(fill_c) == 3 or alpha_overrides:
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ctx.set_source_rgba(fill_c[0], fill_c[1], fill_c[2], alpha)
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else:
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ctx.set_source_rgba(fill_c[0], fill_c[1], fill_c[2], fill_c[3])
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ctx.fill_preserve()
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ctx.restore()
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ctx.stroke()
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@staticmethod
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@cbook.deprecated("3.0")
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def convert_path(ctx, path, transform, clip=None):
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_append_path(ctx, path, transform, clip)
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def draw_path(self, gc, path, transform, rgbFace=None):
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ctx = gc.ctx
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# Clip the path to the actual rendering extents if it isn't filled.
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clip = (ctx.clip_extents()
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if rgbFace is None and gc.get_hatch() is None
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else None)
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transform = (transform
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+ Affine2D().scale(1, -1).translate(0, self.height))
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ctx.new_path()
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_append_path(ctx, path, transform, clip)
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self._fill_and_stroke(
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ctx, rgbFace, gc.get_alpha(), gc.get_forced_alpha())
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def draw_markers(self, gc, marker_path, marker_trans, path, transform,
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rgbFace=None):
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ctx = gc.ctx
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ctx.new_path()
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# Create the path for the marker; it needs to be flipped here already!
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_append_path(ctx, marker_path, marker_trans + Affine2D().scale(1, -1))
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marker_path = ctx.copy_path_flat()
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# Figure out whether the path has a fill
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = ctx.fill_extents()
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if x1 == 0 and y1 == 0 and x2 == 0 and y2 == 0:
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filled = False
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# No fill, just unset this (so we don't try to fill it later on)
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rgbFace = None
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else:
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filled = True
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transform = (transform
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+ Affine2D().scale(1, -1).translate(0, self.height))
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ctx.new_path()
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for i, (vertices, codes) in enumerate(
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path.iter_segments(transform, simplify=False)):
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if len(vertices):
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x, y = vertices[-2:]
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ctx.save()
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# Translate and apply path
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ctx.translate(x, y)
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ctx.append_path(marker_path)
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ctx.restore()
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# Slower code path if there is a fill; we need to draw
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# the fill and stroke for each marker at the same time.
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# Also flush out the drawing every once in a while to
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# prevent the paths from getting way too long.
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if filled or i % 1000 == 0:
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self._fill_and_stroke(
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ctx, rgbFace, gc.get_alpha(), gc.get_forced_alpha())
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# Fast path, if there is no fill, draw everything in one step
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if not filled:
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self._fill_and_stroke(
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ctx, rgbFace, gc.get_alpha(), gc.get_forced_alpha())
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def draw_path_collection(
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self, gc, master_transform, paths, all_transforms, offsets,
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offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors, linewidths, linestyles,
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antialiaseds, urls, offset_position):
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path_ids = []
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for path, transform in self._iter_collection_raw_paths(
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master_transform, paths, all_transforms):
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path_ids.append((path, Affine2D(transform)))
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reuse_key = None
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grouped_draw = []
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def _draw_paths():
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if not grouped_draw:
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return
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gc_vars, rgb_fc = reuse_key
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gc = copy.copy(gc0)
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# We actually need to call the setters to reset the internal state.
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vars(gc).update(gc_vars)
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for k, v in gc_vars.items():
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if k == "_linestyle": # Deprecated, no effect.
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continue
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try:
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getattr(gc, "set" + k)(v)
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except (AttributeError, TypeError) as e:
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pass
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gc.ctx.new_path()
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paths, transforms = zip(*grouped_draw)
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grouped_draw.clear()
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_append_paths(gc.ctx, paths, transforms)
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self._fill_and_stroke(
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gc.ctx, rgb_fc, gc.get_alpha(), gc.get_forced_alpha())
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for xo, yo, path_id, gc0, rgb_fc in self._iter_collection(
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gc, master_transform, all_transforms, path_ids, offsets,
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offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors, linewidths, linestyles,
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antialiaseds, urls, offset_position):
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path, transform = path_id
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transform = (Affine2D(transform.get_matrix())
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.translate(xo, yo - self.height).scale(1, -1))
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# rgb_fc could be a ndarray, for which equality is elementwise.
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new_key = vars(gc0), tuple(rgb_fc) if rgb_fc is not None else None
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if new_key == reuse_key:
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grouped_draw.append((path, transform))
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else:
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_draw_paths()
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grouped_draw.append((path, transform))
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reuse_key = new_key
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_draw_paths()
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def draw_image(self, gc, x, y, im):
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im = cbook._unmultiplied_rgba8888_to_premultiplied_argb32(im[::-1])
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surface = cairo.ImageSurface.create_for_data(
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im.ravel().data, cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32,
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im.shape[1], im.shape[0], im.shape[1] * 4)
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ctx = gc.ctx
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y = self.height - y - im.shape[0]
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ctx.save()
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ctx.set_source_surface(surface, float(x), float(y))
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ctx.paint()
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ctx.restore()
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def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
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# Note: x,y are device/display coords, not user-coords, unlike other
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# draw_* methods
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if ismath:
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self._draw_mathtext(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle)
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else:
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ctx = gc.ctx
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ctx.new_path()
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ctx.move_to(x, y)
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ctx.select_font_face(prop.get_name(),
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self.fontangles[prop.get_style()],
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self.fontweights[prop.get_weight()])
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size = prop.get_size_in_points() * self.dpi / 72.0
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ctx.save()
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if angle:
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ctx.rotate(np.deg2rad(-angle))
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ctx.set_font_size(size)
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ctx.show_text(s)
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ctx.restore()
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def _draw_mathtext(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
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ctx = gc.ctx
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width, height, descent, glyphs, rects = self.mathtext_parser.parse(
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s, self.dpi, prop)
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ctx.save()
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ctx.translate(x, y)
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if angle:
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ctx.rotate(np.deg2rad(-angle))
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for font, fontsize, s, ox, oy in glyphs:
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ctx.new_path()
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ctx.move_to(ox, oy)
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fontProp = ttfFontProperty(font)
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ctx.select_font_face(fontProp.name,
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self.fontangles[fontProp.style],
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self.fontweights[fontProp.weight])
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size = fontsize * self.dpi / 72.0
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ctx.set_font_size(size)
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ctx.show_text(s)
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for ox, oy, w, h in rects:
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ctx.new_path()
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ctx.rectangle(ox, oy, w, h)
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ctx.set_source_rgb(0, 0, 0)
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ctx.fill_preserve()
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ctx.restore()
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def get_canvas_width_height(self):
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return self.width, self.height
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def get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath):
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if ismath:
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width, height, descent, fonts, used_characters = \
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self.mathtext_parser.parse(s, self.dpi, prop)
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return width, height, descent
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ctx = self.text_ctx
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ctx.save()
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ctx.select_font_face(prop.get_name(),
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self.fontangles[prop.get_style()],
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self.fontweights[prop.get_weight()])
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# Cairo (says it) uses 1/96 inch user space units, ref: cairo_gstate.c
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# but if /96.0 is used the font is too small
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size = prop.get_size_in_points() * self.dpi / 72
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# problem - scale remembers last setting and font can become
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# enormous causing program to crash
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# save/restore prevents the problem
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ctx.set_font_size(size)
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y_bearing, w, h = ctx.text_extents(s)[1:4]
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ctx.restore()
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return w, h, h + y_bearing
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def new_gc(self):
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self.gc.ctx.save()
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self.gc._alpha = 1
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self.gc._forced_alpha = False # if True, _alpha overrides A from RGBA
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return self.gc
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def points_to_pixels(self, points):
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return points / 72 * self.dpi
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class GraphicsContextCairo(GraphicsContextBase):
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_joind = {
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'bevel' : cairo.LINE_JOIN_BEVEL,
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'miter' : cairo.LINE_JOIN_MITER,
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'round' : cairo.LINE_JOIN_ROUND,
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}
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_capd = {
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'butt' : cairo.LINE_CAP_BUTT,
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'projecting' : cairo.LINE_CAP_SQUARE,
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'round' : cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND,
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}
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def __init__(self, renderer):
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GraphicsContextBase.__init__(self)
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self.renderer = renderer
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def restore(self):
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self.ctx.restore()
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def set_alpha(self, alpha):
|
|
GraphicsContextBase.set_alpha(self, alpha)
|
|
_alpha = self.get_alpha()
|
|
rgb = self._rgb
|
|
if self.get_forced_alpha():
|
|
self.ctx.set_source_rgba(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2], _alpha)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.ctx.set_source_rgba(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2], rgb[3])
|
|
|
|
# def set_antialiased(self, b):
|
|
# cairo has many antialiasing modes, we need to pick one for True and
|
|
# one for False.
|
|
|
|
def set_capstyle(self, cs):
|
|
if cs in ('butt', 'round', 'projecting'):
|
|
self._capstyle = cs
|
|
self.ctx.set_line_cap(self._capd[cs])
|
|
else:
|
|
raise ValueError('Unrecognized cap style. Found %s' % cs)
|
|
|
|
def set_clip_rectangle(self, rectangle):
|
|
if not rectangle:
|
|
return
|
|
x, y, w, h = np.round(rectangle.bounds)
|
|
ctx = self.ctx
|
|
ctx.new_path()
|
|
ctx.rectangle(x, self.renderer.height - h - y, w, h)
|
|
ctx.clip()
|
|
|
|
def set_clip_path(self, path):
|
|
if not path:
|
|
return
|
|
tpath, affine = path.get_transformed_path_and_affine()
|
|
ctx = self.ctx
|
|
ctx.new_path()
|
|
affine = (affine
|
|
+ Affine2D().scale(1, -1).translate(0, self.renderer.height))
|
|
_append_path(ctx, tpath, affine)
|
|
ctx.clip()
|
|
|
|
def set_dashes(self, offset, dashes):
|
|
self._dashes = offset, dashes
|
|
if dashes is None:
|
|
self.ctx.set_dash([], 0) # switch dashes off
|
|
else:
|
|
self.ctx.set_dash(
|
|
list(self.renderer.points_to_pixels(np.asarray(dashes))),
|
|
offset)
|
|
|
|
def set_foreground(self, fg, isRGBA=None):
|
|
GraphicsContextBase.set_foreground(self, fg, isRGBA)
|
|
if len(self._rgb) == 3:
|
|
self.ctx.set_source_rgb(*self._rgb)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.ctx.set_source_rgba(*self._rgb)
|
|
|
|
def get_rgb(self):
|
|
return self.ctx.get_source().get_rgba()[:3]
|
|
|
|
def set_joinstyle(self, js):
|
|
if js in ('miter', 'round', 'bevel'):
|
|
self._joinstyle = js
|
|
self.ctx.set_line_join(self._joind[js])
|
|
else:
|
|
raise ValueError('Unrecognized join style. Found %s' % js)
|
|
|
|
def set_linewidth(self, w):
|
|
self._linewidth = float(w)
|
|
self.ctx.set_line_width(self.renderer.points_to_pixels(w))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class FigureCanvasCairo(FigureCanvasBase):
|
|
supports_blit = False
|
|
|
|
def print_png(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
self._get_printed_image_surface().write_to_png(fobj)
|
|
|
|
def print_rgba(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
width, height = self.get_width_height()
|
|
buf = self._get_printed_image_surface().get_data()
|
|
fobj.write(cbook._premultiplied_argb32_to_unmultiplied_rgba8888(
|
|
np.asarray(buf).reshape((width, height, 4))))
|
|
|
|
print_raw = print_rgba
|
|
|
|
def _get_printed_image_surface(self):
|
|
width, height = self.get_width_height()
|
|
renderer = RendererCairo(self.figure.dpi)
|
|
renderer.set_width_height(width, height)
|
|
surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height)
|
|
renderer.set_ctx_from_surface(surface)
|
|
self.figure.draw(renderer)
|
|
return surface
|
|
|
|
def print_pdf(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self._save(fobj, 'pdf', *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def print_ps(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self._save(fobj, 'ps', *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def print_svg(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self._save(fobj, 'svg', *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def print_svgz(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self._save(fobj, 'svgz', *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _save(self, fo, fmt, **kwargs):
|
|
# save PDF/PS/SVG
|
|
orientation = kwargs.get('orientation', 'portrait')
|
|
|
|
dpi = 72
|
|
self.figure.dpi = dpi
|
|
w_in, h_in = self.figure.get_size_inches()
|
|
width_in_points, height_in_points = w_in * dpi, h_in * dpi
|
|
|
|
if orientation == 'landscape':
|
|
width_in_points, height_in_points = (
|
|
height_in_points, width_in_points)
|
|
|
|
if fmt == 'ps':
|
|
if not hasattr(cairo, 'PSSurface'):
|
|
raise RuntimeError('cairo has not been compiled with PS '
|
|
'support enabled')
|
|
surface = cairo.PSSurface(fo, width_in_points, height_in_points)
|
|
elif fmt == 'pdf':
|
|
if not hasattr(cairo, 'PDFSurface'):
|
|
raise RuntimeError('cairo has not been compiled with PDF '
|
|
'support enabled')
|
|
surface = cairo.PDFSurface(fo, width_in_points, height_in_points)
|
|
elif fmt in ('svg', 'svgz'):
|
|
if not hasattr(cairo, 'SVGSurface'):
|
|
raise RuntimeError('cairo has not been compiled with SVG '
|
|
'support enabled')
|
|
if fmt == 'svgz':
|
|
if isinstance(fo, str):
|
|
fo = gzip.GzipFile(fo, 'wb')
|
|
else:
|
|
fo = gzip.GzipFile(None, 'wb', fileobj=fo)
|
|
surface = cairo.SVGSurface(fo, width_in_points, height_in_points)
|
|
else:
|
|
warnings.warn("unknown format: %s" % fmt, stacklevel=2)
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
# surface.set_dpi() can be used
|
|
renderer = RendererCairo(self.figure.dpi)
|
|
renderer.set_width_height(width_in_points, height_in_points)
|
|
renderer.set_ctx_from_surface(surface)
|
|
ctx = renderer.gc.ctx
|
|
|
|
if orientation == 'landscape':
|
|
ctx.rotate(np.pi / 2)
|
|
ctx.translate(0, -height_in_points)
|
|
# Perhaps add an '%%Orientation: Landscape' comment?
|
|
|
|
self.figure.draw(renderer)
|
|
|
|
ctx.show_page()
|
|
surface.finish()
|
|
if fmt == 'svgz':
|
|
fo.close()
|
|
|
|
|
|
@_Backend.export
|
|
class _BackendCairo(_Backend):
|
|
FigureCanvas = FigureCanvasCairo
|
|
FigureManager = FigureManagerBase
|